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Anders Risling är en välrenommerad organisationskonsult med lång erfarenhet av omfattande organisationsförändringar. I sin forskningsartikel "Designing a Community of Practrice" lyfter han fram några faktorer som bygger engagemang och återger en gradering av engagemang. Graderingen kan ibland vara användbar för att diskutera behovet av engagemang i olika nivåer av organisationen. Här följer ett utdrag från artikeln: |
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| Principles of Organisation for Knowledge Based Industries |
Intensive and enduring commitment is the basis of the knowledge based organisation. When you are hired, you are willing to take personal responsibility and to demand responsibility from others. You are willing to expend extra energy and time to achieve a common goal. People with commitment see to it that things happen. They do not doubt, they make sure there are results. They go directly for the goal. Everyone knows that commitment is important, but how is commitment secured? Commitment is constructed on the basis of a willingness to fight for a cause when one feels it is: |
- Vital - one genuinely understands it, it is comprehensible and immediate.
- Wise - one sees that it is rational and that it can be viewed in a larger context.
- Attractive - one has the feeling that it is based on real experiences and genuine values.
- Pragmatic - one can utilise it for doing real work and it gives results.
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These four components are necessary in order for us to achieve a full commitment. |
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Contribution, but no personal commitment |
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Personal participation and cooperation |
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Take a stance and influece others |
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Take a large personal risk |
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| FIGURE 1. Five levels of commitment |
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Commitment in a knowledge based organisation is really not a question of whether one is for or against. If one is against important questions, one is either tired of the organisation, or one is on the way out. The basic question is the degree to which one is for it. Another way of viewing commitment is to see it as a continuum from passive to active commitment. In this view, five levels of commitment can be categorised: |
- Do not resist. This is a neutral form of commitment by which the worker does not actively oppose whatever decision has been arrived at, but neither does he or she actively support it. At this level, workers are silent but very vigilant and questioning to what is going on. They do not want to lose the personal freedom to act, wishing to retain the option of passive or active resistance, or conversely, more active commitment if this seems appropriate.
- Contribute without personal involvement. One lends one's name and financial support, but one is not prepared to undertake anything demanding personal effort and time. One can, as manager, permit workers to initiate changes, but places oneself squarely among the audience.
- Personal collaboration. At this level one is participating, giving of one's time to a greater or lesser extent. One attends all meetings and fulfils all one's obligations, doing all that is expected.
- Take a stance and co-operate actively. At this level one is willing to work actively and take personal initiatives beyond expectations. One seeks to enlist others in the process of change. One persuades opponents and clearly speaking up when things are not proceeding according to expectations.
- Take a large personal risk. One renders oneself vulnerable, investing a great deal of one's personal position and future career in the process of change. One makes the process of change into an important part of oneself. One is viewed by others as being a committed advocate.
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Passive commitment lacks some or several of the four components of commitment. One does not view the idea as vital, wise, attractive or pragmatic. One does not consider it to be worth active commitment, one is reserved and only passively committed. We must therefore develop models that can instruct us in how to proceed from passive to active commitment through a genuinely free and open communication, free from use of force, by which one arrives at the insight that the idea actually is vital, wise, attractive and pragmatic. |
